The main work of this article consists of six parts: first, it describes the impact of water conservation and hydropower development, as well as research trends, current state and development trends on water conservation and hydropower development at home and abroad. Secondly, several common methods of energy production have been briefly described. Thirdly, the characteristics of these methods of generating electricity were analysed in detail and a comparison was made between them. Sections four and five describe the problems in the operation of hydroelectric plants and how to solve them, respectively. Finally, the scheme studied in this article will be explained in detail and the scheme will be optimised based on the results obtained. To test whether an optimized circuit can meet the actual work needs of a project, hydraulic model tests are again performed according to an optimized circuit, and an optimal circuit is eventually achieved.

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