Welcome to Scholar Publishing Group

International Journal of Sports Technology, 2022, 3(1); doi: 10.38007/IJST.2022.030102.

Vitamin C Spirulina Mixture to Improve Sports Endurance

Author(s)

Eleni Theodoraki

Corresponding Author:
Eleni Theodoraki
Affiliation(s)

Edinburgh Napier University, UK

Abstract

To explore the effect of vitamin C Spirulina mixture on improving sports endurance. 80 male rats aged 8 weeks were selected. All the rats were fed with basic diet and boiled water, and they could eat freely. They were randomly divided into 8 groups with 10 mice in each group: quiet control group A, VC group B, spirulina group C, VC Spirulina mixture Group D. the mice in each group were fed regularly according to the experimental design, and the control group was given intragastric administration of normal saline. After the weight-bearing swimming experiment, the general condition of mice and the detection indexes of Hb, LD, CK and BUN were observed. The data were statistically analyzed by logical analysis. In the weight comparison, the weight of mice in each group increased normally and grew well during the whole experiment. Compared with the experimental group, the weight gain of quiet group was faster, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between group C of Spirulina mixture and group D of VC Spirulina mixture (P < 0.05), and the delay rate of depletion time was 34.47% and 20.07%, respectively; there was also significant difference between group D of VC Spirulina mixture and group C of Spirulina (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the spirulina mixture group and the control group (P < 0.05). The serum CK activity was lower in all resting groups. There was no significant difference between VC group B and quiet control group A (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between group C of Spirulina mixture and group D of VC Spirulina mixture (P < 0.05). Vitamin C Spirulina mixture can inhibit the decrease of Hb content, improve the ability of aerobic metabolism and delay the occurrence of exercise-induced fatigue.

Keywords

Vitamin C, Exercise Endurance, Spirulina, Exercise Fatigue

Cite This Paper

Eleni Theodoraki. Vitamin C Spirulina Mixture to Improve Sports Endurance. International Journal of Sports Technology (2022), Vol. 3, Issue 1: 14-25. https://doi.org/10.38007/IJST.2022.030102.

References

[1] Munjal, C. , & Bhattacharyya, S. . (2016).“ Supplementation of Spirulina and Vitamin c Attenuated the Nephrotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin Administration”, International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH,4(1), pp.93-107. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i1.2016.2847

[2] Walid Hamdy El-Tantawy. (2016).“ Antioxidant Effects of Spirulina Supplement Against Lead Acetate-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats”, Journal of Traditional & Complementary Medicine, 6( 4), pp.327-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.02.001

[3] Arabi, Hojat, Gholipour Kanani, Hosna, Shahsavani, Davar, & Harsij, Mohammad. (2016). “Improving Effect of Spirulina Platensis on Hematological Parameters in Cyprinus Carpio Exposed to Sublethal Doses of Cyanide”, Comparative Clinical Pathology, 25(2),pp. 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-015-2187-8

[4] Djibrine, S. I. , Minet-Quinard Régine, Djidda, M. A. , Ngoua Hadjé Fatimé, Arada, I. A. , & Abdelsalam, T. , et al. (2018). “Vitamin a Status in Healthy Women Eating Traditionally Prepared Spirulina (Dihé) in the Chad Lake Area”, Plos One, 13(1), pp.e0191887. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191887

[5] Wu, Q. , Liu, L. , Miron, A. , Klímová, Blanka, Wan, D. , & Ku?A, K. . (2016).“ the Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Spirulina: an Overview”, Archives of Toxicology, 90(8), pp.1817-1840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-016-1744-5

[6] Hilda Ma González, Almirall, I. , Jesús Alpízar, Oca, R. M. D. , & Víctor Cerdà. (2020).“ Determination of Vitamin e in Spirulina Platensis Extracts and Photoprotective Creams by Multi-Syringe Chromatography (Msc) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc)”, Analytical Letters(1), pp.1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2020.1762629

[7] Shinde, S. , Lavale, S. A. , & Nagare, K. . (2018).“ 'Spirulina' As An Additive for Better Nutrition”, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied ences, 7(5),pp. 143-147. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.018

[8] Ye, J. , Li, J. , Li, Z. , & Han, S. . (2017).“ Rearing of Mallada Basalis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on Modified Artificial Diets”, Plos One, 12(9),pp. e0185223. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185223

[9] Abdel-Daim, & Mohamed, M. . (2016). “Synergistic Protective Role of Ceftriaxone and Ascorbic Acid Against Subacute Diazinon-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats”, Cytotechnology, 68(2), pp.279-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-014-9779-z

[10] Karadal, O. , Güroy, Derya, & Türkmen, Gürel. (2017). “Effects of Feeding Frequency and Spirulina on Growth Performance, Skin Coloration and Seed Production on Kenyi Cichlids (Maylandia Lombardoi)”, Aquaculture International, 25(1), pp.121-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0017-x

[11] Alejandro Ríos-Hoyo, Romo-Araiza, A. , Meneses-Mayo, M. , & Gabriela Guttiérrez-Salmeán. (2017).“ Prehispanic Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia Associated to Cardiovascular Disease: a Mini-Review”, International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 87(1-2), pp.1-14. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000290

[12] Cai, J. , Shi, Y. , Li, X. , & Zhang, D. . (2017). “The Elongation Performance of Spirulina -Templated Silver Micro Springs Embedded in the Polydimethylsiloxane”, Journal of Bionic Engineering, 14(004), pp.631-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(16)60429-8

[13] Umoren, S. A. , Eduok, U. M. , Solomon, M. M. , & Udoh, A. P. . (2016). “Corrosion Inhibition by Leaves and Stem Extracts of Sida Acuta for Mild Steel in 1 m h2so4 Solutions Investigated by Chemical and Spectroscopic Techniques”, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 48(S1), pp.S209-S224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.03.008

[14] Nadèje Tekaya, Saiapina, O. , Ouada, H. B. , Lagarde, F. , Namour, P. , & Ouada, H. B. , et al. (2017).“ Bi-Enzymatic Conductometric Biosensor for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions and Pesticides in Water Samples Based on Enzymatic Inhibition in Arthrospira Platensis”, Journal of Environmental Protection, 5(5), pp.441-453. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2014.55047

[15] Zhang, C. , Tang, X. , Sheng, L. , & Yang, X. . (2016).“ Enhancing the Performance of Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Mixed Algae Strains by the Maillard Reaction”, Green Chemistry, 18(8), pp.2542-2553. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5GC02953H

[16] Sandra López-León, Tuvblad, C. , & Forero, D. . (2016).“ Sports Genetics: the Ppara Gene and Athletes' High Ability in Endurance Sports. a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, Biology of Sport, 33(1),pp. 3-6.

[17] M.D. Hoffman. (2016). “State of the Science-Ultraendurance Sports”, Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 11(6), pp.831-832. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2016-0472

[18] Groth, S. , & Krahn, Y. . (2017).“ Sensing Athletes: Sensory Dimensions of Recreational Endurance Sports”, Journal of Ethnology & Folklors, 11(2),pp. 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1515/jef-2017-0011

[19] Almekinders, L. C. , & Engle, C. R. . (2019). “Common and Uncommon Injuries in Ultra-Endurance Sports”, Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review, 27(1), pp.25-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSA.0000000000000217

[20] Finocchiaro, G. , & Sharma, S. . (2016).“ Do Endurance Sports Affect Female Hearts Differently to Male Hearts?”, Future Cardiology, 12(2), pp.105-108. https://doi.org/10.2217/fca.15.85

[21] López-Rivera, Eva, & González-Badillo, Juan José. (2019).“ Comparison of the Effects of Three Hangboard Strength and Endurance Training Programs on Grip Endurance in Sport Climbers”, Journal of Human Kinetics, 66(1),pp. 183-195. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0057

[22] Calvo, J. L. , Alorda-Capo, F. , Pareja-Galeano, H. , & Sergio L Jiménez. (2020).“ Influence of Nitrate Supplementation on Endurance Cyclic Sports Performance: a Systematic Review”, Nutrients, 12(6), pp.1796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061796

[23] Rundell, M. B. , & Rundell, K. W. . (2020).“ Teen with Psychiatric Diagnoses Improves after Eliminating Medications and Initiating Endurance Sports Training”, Current Sports Medicine Reports, 19(1), pp.6-7. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000678

[24] José Miguel Martínez-Sanz, Ana Fernández Nuez, Sospedra, I. , Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez, & Antonio Jesús Sanchez-Oliver. (2020). “Nutrition-Related Adverse Outcomes in Endurance Sports Competitions: a Review of Incidence and Practical Recommendations”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11),pp. 4082. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114082

[25] Szymon Kuliś, Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza, E. , & Stupnicki, R. . (2020).“ Anaerobic Endurance of Dance Sport Athletes”, Biomedical Human Kinetics, 12(1), pp.141-148. https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2020-0018

[26] Lou, R. , Lv, Z. , Dang, S. , Su, T. , & Li, X. . (2021). Application of machine learning in ocean data. Multimedia Systems, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-020-00733-x

[27] Y. Zhang, L. Sun, H. Song and X. Cao, "Ubiquitous WSN for Healthcare: Recent Advances and Future Prospects," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 311-318, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2014.2329462.

[28] Mohammed I. Alghamdi, Neutrosophic set with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Liver Tumor Segmentation and Classification Model, International Journal of Neutrosophic Science, 2022, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp: 174-185.https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.180202