With the increasing decomposition of core financial accounting, payment clearing, and risk control into microservices, the security, throughput, and auditability of cross-service transaction consistency have become increasingly important. This paper analyzes recent English literature and publicly available experimental data, comparing the performance of three mainstream protocols—2PC/XA, TCC, and Saga—in five aspects: link latency, throughput, failure retries, compensation costs, and observability overhead. The results show that 2PC/XA is suitable for short-link, high-constraint, and strongly consistent scenarios; TCC is more suitable for business processes that can be abstracted into intermediate states, such as account freezing and credit limit reservation; and Saga is more suitable for cross-domain, long-link, and consistency transaction processing flows that allow for eventual consistency. Therefore, this paper proposes a path for transaction layered governance and performance optimization from the perspective of financial systems.

Jianheng Lu. Performance Evaluation of Distributed Transaction Consistency Protocols for Microservice Architectures in Financial Systems—Focusing on 2PC/XA, TCC, and Saga Protocols. Machine Learning Theory and Practice (2026), Vol. 6, Issue 1: 77-84. https://doi.org/10.38007/ML.2026.060109.

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