International Journal of Business Management and Economics and Trade, 2023, 4(1); doi: 10.38007/IJBMET.2023.040104.
Haoxuan Zhu and Zhuojun Jiang
College of Liberal Arts, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu, China
In the early Ming Dynasty, (1) the main tribute of Mongolian ministries was horses, and the Ming court mostly used textiles as a means of payment. According to the uniform conversion of the tribute horse price given by the Ming Dynasty to the Mongolian ministries, the tribute horse price is far higher than the market price. In addition to other rewards to the Mongolian tribes, the actual economic expenditure of the Ming Dynasty is higher. Tribute horses activities provide a way for exchanges between the Ming and Mongolian sides, and also meet the practical needs of the exchange and interdependence of agriculture and nomadic economy. However, the officially led tribute horses activities also have strong limitations. First, the trade between the two sides does not follow the law of market equivalent transactions, which is difficult to maintain for a long time. Secondly, the tribute horses trade is limited to the upper level, and the general public has not fully participated in it, and the benefits are limited.
Early Ming Dynasty, Mongolian ministries, Tribute horses; Horse price
Haoxuan Zhu and Zhuojun Jiang. A Study on the Price of Mongolian Tribute Horses in the Early Ming Dynasty. International Journal of Business Management and Economics and Trade (2023), Vol. 4, Issue 1: 26-35. https://doi.org/10.38007/IJBMET.2023.040104.
[1] Records of Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty. Shanghai: Shanghai Library Press, 2015.
[2] (Ming) Shen Shixing et al.: "Da Ming Hui Dian". Yangzhou: Guangling Book Company, 2019.
[3] (Ming) Zhang Xuan: "Record of Hearing and Seeing in the Western Garden" Continuation of the Complete Library of Four Classics, Part 1169 Miscellaneous Classics. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2002.
[4] (Ming) Wang Shizhen: "Miscellaneous Works of Yanshan Hall" The Complete Book of the Four Treasures of Jingyin Wen Yuan Ge, Volume 168, Miscellaneous History. Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 2008.
[5] Records of Emperor Taizong of Ming Dynasty. Shanghai: Shanghai Library Press, 2015.
[6] (Ming) Lin Yaoyu: "Annals of the Ministry of Rites" Jing Yin Wen Yuan Ge Si Ku Quan Shu, Historical Volume 355, Official Category. Taipei: Taiwan Commercial Press, 2008.
[7] Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty. Shanghai: Shanghai Library Press, 2015.
[8] Cao Yongnian: "General History of the Mongolian Ethnic Group (Volume 3)". Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press, 2002.