Mountain forest soil is an important source of global greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrogen oxide (N2O), but the current research on the impact of greenhouse gas emissions from mountain forest soil on the climate is very scarce. This article will focus on methane emissions from mountain forest soils for testing, and introduces a near-infrared spectroscopy on-line inspection, analysis and measurement method for greenhouse gases in mountain forest soils. In this paper, a photoelectric detection system is designed. Based on the STM32F103VB motherboard as the hardware foundation and wireless remote communication technology, a set of mountain forest soil greenhouse gas concentration detection system is developed to achieve online monitoring of mountain forest soil greenhouse gas emissions. The difficulty of this paper is mainly due to the low signal-to-noise signal of greenhouse gases in mountain forest soil. It is difficult to capture the signal. In order to improve performance and cost considerations, this paper uses a differential absorption detection method. The experimental results in this paper show that the full-scale accuracy is 0.6% FS, the system response time is less than 16s, and the relative standard deviation is 1.41%. It has good repeatability and stability, which proves that the system meets the design requirements. At the end of this paper, a brief analysis of the source of the system error is also provided, which provides a direction for further improving the accuracy of the system.

Kazuyonshi Yoshiie. On-line Detection Method of Near-infrared Spectra of Greenhouse Gases in Mountain Forest Soil. Academic Journal of Environmental Biology (2022), Vol. 3, Issue 2: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.38007/AJEB.2022.030201.

[1] Zhijie Chen, Heikki Setälä, Shicong Geng. Nitrogen addition impacts on the emissions of greenhouse gases depending on the forest type: a case study in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Journal of Soils & Sediments, 2017, 17(1):23-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1481-7

[2] Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo, Ángel Aguilar-Chávez, María del Rosario Cárdenas Aquino. Greenhouse gas emissions from a soil cultivated with wheat (Triticum spp. L.) and amended with castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) or Jatropha curcas L. seed cake: A greenhouse experiment. Plant Soil & Environment, 2018, 59(No. 12):556-561. https://doi.org/10.17221/368/2013-PSE

[3] Guggenberger G , Ludwig B , Menon M . Smith, K.A. Ball, T. Conen, F. Dobbie, K.E. Massheder, J. & Rey, A. 2003. Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes. European Journal of Soil Science. european journal of soil science, 2018, 54(4):779-791. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1351-0754.2003.0567.x

[4] Wang, B, Lerdau, M, He, YL. Widespread production of nonmicrobial greenhouse gases in soils. Global Change Biology, 2017, 23(1):4472-4482. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13753

[5] Zhibin LIN, Qi LIU, Gang LIU. Effects of Different Biochars on Pinus elliottii Growth, N Use Efficiency, Soil N 2 O and CH 4 Emissions and C Storage in a Subtropical Area of China. Pedosphere, 2017, 27(2):248-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60314-X

[6] Michael M. Loranty, Benjamin W. Abbott, Daan Blok. Reviews and syntheses: Changing ecosystem influences on soil thermal regimes in northern high-latitude permafrost regions. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2018:1-56.

[7] Zhao, Hong, Sun, Binfeng, Lu, Fei. Meta analysis on impacts of biochar on trace greenhouse gases emissions from staple crops in China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(19):10-16.

[8] Xuming Wang, Min jie Hu, Hongchang Ren. Seasonal variations of nitrous oxide fluxes and soil denitrification rates in subtropical freshwater and brackish tidal marshes of the Min River estuary. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 616-617:1404-1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.175

[9] L. Florentino-Madiedo, E. Díaz-Faes, R. García. Influence of binder type on greenhouse gases and PAHs from the pyrolysis of biomass briquettes. Fuel Processing Technology, 2018, 171:330-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.11.029

[10] María-Teresa Sánchez, Irina Torres, María-José de la Haba. Rapid, simultaneous, and in situ authentication and quality assessment of intact bell peppers using near-infrared spectroscopy technology.. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2019, 99:págs. 1613-1622. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9342

[11] Marie Dumont, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard. In situ continuous visible and near-infrared spectroscopy of an alpine snowpack. Cryosphere, 2017, 11(3):1091-1110. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1091-2017

[12] Huang C J, Sun C W, Chou P H, et al. Functional connectivity during phonemic and semantic verbal fluency test: a multi-channel near infrared spectroscopy study (Conference Presentation). IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2016, 22(3):43-48. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2015.2503318

[13] QIU JUN, WANG YUNBAI, FU QIUJUAN. Rapid Determination of Calcium in Tobacco with Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Tobacco Science & Technology, 2017, 50(9):15-22.

[14] Plomgaard A M, Oeveren W V, Petersen T H, et al. The SafeBoosC II randomised trial: treatment guided by near-infrared spectroscopy reduces cerebral hypoxia without changing early biomarkers of brain injury. Pediatric Research, 2016, 79(4):528-535. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2015.266

[15] Ohlin L, Bazin P, Thibault-Starzyk F, et al. Adsorption of CO2, CH4, and H2O in Zeolite ZSM-5 Studied Using In Situ ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2018, 117(33):16972–16982. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4037183

[16] Ana Ledo, Marta Aguar, Antonio Núñez-Ramiro. Abdominal Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Detects Low Mesenteric Perfusion Early in Preterm Infants with Hemodynamic Significant Ductus Arteriosus. Neonatology, 2017, 112(3):238-245. https://doi.org/10.1159/000475933

[17] Stefan Heschl, Waltraud Bruchelt, Corinna Binder-Heschl. Near-infrared spectroscopy measures extinction of light by chromophores. European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2019, 36(6):468-469. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000001010

[18] Joshi, A, Raigond, P, Singh, B. Near-infrared spectroscopy: a non-destructive tool for processing quality evaluation of potatoes. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2017, 22(2):258-262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-017-0291-2

[19] Carmella Vizza, William E. West, Stuart E. Jones. Regulators of coastal wetland methane production and responses to simulated global change. Biogeosciences, 2017, 14(2):431-446. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-431-2017

[20] K. Andreassen, Alun Hubbard, M. Winsborrow. Massive blow-out craters formed by hydrate-controlled methane expulsion from the Arctic seafloor. Science, 2017, 356(6341):948-953. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4500

[21] Williams S R O, Chaves A V, Deighton M H, et al. Influence of feeding supplements of almond hulls and ensiled citrus pulp on the milk production, milk composition, and methane emissions of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2018, 101(3):2072-2083. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13440

[22] Karel Castro-Morales, Thomas Kleinen, Sonja Kaiser. Year-round simulated methane emissions from a permafrost ecosystem in Northeast Siberia. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2018, 15(9):2691-2722. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2691-2018

[23] Xiaoyuan Zhao, Yang Cao, Hongrui Li. Sc promoted and aerogel confined Ni catalysts for coking-resistant dry reforming of methane. Rsc Advances, 2017, 7(8):4735-4745. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA27266E

[24] Cunbao Deng, Xiaobo Wang, Yafei Shan, Zhiqiang Song. Study on the effect of low molecular hydrocarbon compounds on coal spontaneous combustion. Fuel,2022, 318,123193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123193. 

[25] Ali N. Ebrahimi. Mechanistic modeling of microbial interactions at pore to profile scale resolve methane emission dynamics from permafrost soil. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2017, 122(5):1216-1238. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003674

[26] H. Chen, Z. Wang, X. Xu, S. Gong and Y. Zhou, The molecular behavior of pyridinium/imidazolium based ionic liquids and toluene binary systems, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 13300–13309 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP00874A